Sonomatic Confirmation Of Tracheal Intubation (SCOTI)
      SCOTI’s efficacy has been verified with three clinical trials:
        1)  Dr. Wilson Leon, Dr. James Riopelle and Dr. Heart Akerson wrote a paper "New Method for Endotracheal Intubation" 10/4/94 which describes a clinical trial done with 72 patients in the Hospital San Juan de Diós. These patients were all intubated first in the esophagus and then in the trachea and the readings recorded. The results indicated a confidence level greater than 98% for both the esophagus and the trachea. These findings were displayed in a scientific booth on SCOTI at the ASA convention in San Francisco in October, 1994. 

        2)  Dr. D. Murray, Dr. Michael E. Ward and Dr. J.W. Sear of the Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics in Oxford, England wrote a report 11/10/94 of a clinical trial that was done at The John Radcliff Hospital with 90 patients. These patients were all intubated in the esophagus and also in the trachea with the results recorded. The results indicated a confidence level greater than 98% for both the esophagus and the trachea. This report was published in Anaesthesia.  Murray D,Ward ME,Sear JW: SCOTI - a new device for identification of tracheal intubation: Anaesthesia V50,1062-1064, 1995

        3)  Dr. B. Martin and Dr. E. Wheatley wrote an abstract and a paper "Clinical Evaluation of the ‘Sonar Confirmation Of Tracheal Intubation’ Device" 9/28/95 which describes a clinical trial that was done at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital in London, England with 125 patients. In this study 51 patients were intubated in the esophagus and also in the trachea with the results recorded. A further 74 patients were intubated in the trachea only. The results indicated a confidence level greater than 98% for both the esophagus and the trachea. This paper was presented by Martin at the 11th World Congress of Anaesthesiologists in Sydney, Australia in April, 1996 and the abstract is included in their publication of abstracts.

       
      4)  An extensive multicenter trial was  conducted in the Emergency Departments of several hospitals with 323 patients.  Sensitivity and Specificity were 93% (CI 90-97%) and 98% (CI 94-99%), respectively.

      Li J (for the SCOTI Working Group). A prospective multicenter trial testing the SCOTI device for confirmation of endotracheal tube placement. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2001:20(3);231-239.

      Also of interest is:

      Li J. Capnography alone is imperfect for endotracheal tube placement confirmation during emergency intubation. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2001:20(3);223-229.

      With all the clinical trials combined SCOTI was shown to have greater than 99% confidence levels for determining esophageal intubation in 345 patients. This establishes, as with the EDD, that a blocked tube detector is an effective device for differentiating between esophageal and tracheal intubation. SCOTI has been tested extensively in the lab for its effectiveness as a blocked tube detector for endotracheal tubes ranging in sizes from 5.0 mm to 10.0 mm using tubes manufactured by Curitytm, Sheridantm , Portextm and Mallinckrodttm with positive results for all brands. Because SCOTI is basically a refinement of the EDD then all of the clinical trials for the EDD should also be relevant for SCOTI.